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Storing Your LiFePO4 Battery: Best Practices for Optimal Performance

The LiFePO4 battery stands as one of the most sought-after energy solutions today. Renowned for its stable performance, high safety standards, and hassle-free installation, it’s no wonder the LiFePO4 battery has earned such widespread acclaim. Yet, amidst its use, there arises a critical need to address idle periods and the proper storage of this remarkable power source.

Importance of Proper Storage

Efficiently storing LiFePO4 batteries during idle periods is more than a measure of care; it's an imperative step toward preserving their functionality. Random stacking or improper storage can lead to over-discharge, damaging the battery and rendering your investment futile. Additionally, improper storage can significantly limit the battery's performance. While frequent users might overlook storage, for those utilizing batteries intermittently—like during seasonal activities such as summer camping—adequate storage becomes paramount.

Guidelines for Storage

Creating the Right Environment: The storage environment for LiFePO4 batteries must remain dry and well-ventilated throughout the year. Maintaining a state of charge (SOC) of 50% or higher is optimal, but it's crucial to avoid storing batteries at full SOC.

Summer Storage:

Given the higher temperatures in summer, the self-discharge rate of LiFePO4 batteries increases to approximately 3-4% per month. Despite their high-temperature resilience, it’s advisable to avoid placing them in excessively hot environments. A room with a temperature akin to indoor settings serves as the ideal summer storage location.

Winter Storage:

Winter often prompts battery storage, especially for those using LiFePO4 batteries in seasonal activities. The colder temperatures, sometimes dropping to -20°C, result in a lower self-discharge rate of about 2-3% per month. However, it's crucial to maintain storage temperatures higher than room temperature, particularly in -20°C environments. Extremely low temperatures are unfavorable for batteries, hence indoor storage is recommended.

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Precautions During Storage

When storing LiFePO4 batteries, disconnect all loads, ensuring complete reserve between positive and negative electrodes. It’s not advisable to store associated equipment like BMS/inverter/charger connected to the battery, as this accelerates battery consumption. In cases where this connection is necessary, employing a battery protector becomes crucial to prevent battery anomalies. Upon reactivation after storage, remember to re-balance the LiFePO4 battery.

Recommended Storage Conditions

• Storage for about 1 month: 0°C ~ 40°C

• Storage for 3 months (one season): -10°C ~ 35°C

• Long-term storage (approximately 6 months): -10°C ~ 25°C

• It’s noteworthy that after roughly six months of storage, it's beneficial to conduct a complete cycle with the LiFePO4 battery to uphold its performance.

Conclusion

Understanding the virtues of LiFePO4 batteries is one aspect; ensuring their sustained performance demands attention. Properly storing these batteries during idle phases serves as an effective strategy to extend their lifespan and uphold their efficiency.

I’m interested in what I can do to improve the likely lifespan of my two Pylontech US3000 batteries. Note that this doesn’t mean I want to necessarily apply the manufacturer’s specs. My aim is to get the longest possible life out of my batteries together with a practical amount of use. As per a previous post I made, I am concerned that the economics of a large bank doesn’t make sense (in my case, with limited back up requirements). Therefore I’d like to keep the two that I have now in service as long as possible, and therefore enabling my PV and backup system to function as intended.

Picking up a few things here and there (of which not all are necessarily correct), this is a list I put together, but would really appreciate some input on:

1. Do not use the batteries when they are too hot (how hot is too hot? Above 30C?) or at freezing point (not an issue where I stay).
2. Avoiding discharging of the batteries at more than 1C (75A per battery in my case, so 150A in total)
3. Charge them up to 100% regularly (at least once a week) and keep them at that level for an hour or two to do some balancing.
4. Do not discharge the batteries to less than 20% SoC (80% DoD).

At the moment I am leaving 1 and 2 to the batteries’ BMS to sort out with my Venus GX, so I assume that those are taken care of. For 3, I have put a scheduled charging slot, every day (stop on 20% SoC) between 16:30 and 18:30. My panels are west facing so I still get some sun during that time and the demand in the house isn’t too much, so typically my batteries gets full at around 15:30 and stay there until 18:30, trickling up every now and then with the excess PV, should the batteries demand it.

Another setting I made was to set my minimum SoC (unless the grid fails) at 50%. My reasoning being as follows: 50% DoD gives me 3.5kWh from the batteries. This is at full nominal capacity. When this becomes too little due to capacity degradation, I can move it down to 45% SoC and eventually all the way to 20% SoC. 80% DoD, with 60% nominal capacity remaining, I’d still get (1-0.2)*(0.6)*7 = 3.36kWh from the bank (what I was used to).

I’d really appreciate some input on the above.

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