The Ultimate Guide to Choosing Electroplated Diamond Cup Grinding Wheel

Which types of grinding wheel should I choose?

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There are many types of grinding wheels with various shapes and sizes. Each grinding wheel has a certain range of application according to the abrasive material, the bonding material, and manufacturing process of the grinding wheels. If improperly selected, it will directly affect the processing accuracy, surface roughness, and production efficiency. Therefore, when grinding, should choose the appropriate grinding wheel according to the specific situation. So you need to know the tips of grinding wheel selection

1. Conventional grinding wheel

selection

 1)The most commonly used abrasive is brown fused alumina(A) and white fused alumina(WA), followed by black silicon carbide(C) and green silicon carbide(GC). The rest are pink fused alumina(PA), monocrystalline fused alumina(SA), microcrystalline fused alumina(MA), fused zirconia alumina(ZA).

 

Brown fused alumina grinding wheel: Brown fused alumina has high hardness and high toughness, which is suitable for grinding metals with high tensile strength such as carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, hard bronze, etc. This kind of abrasive has good grinding performance and wide adaptability.

 

White fused alumina grinding wheel: The hardness of white fused alumina is slightly higher than that of brown fused alumina, and the toughness is lower than that of brown fused alumina. When grinding, the abrasive grains are easily broken. Therefore, the grinding heat is small, and it is suitable for manufacturing the grinding wheel for fine-hardened steel, high carbon steel,  high-speed steel and grinding thin-walled parts. The cost is higher than that of brown fused alumina.

Black silicon carbide grinding wheel: Black silicon carbide is brittle and sharp, and its hardness is higher than that of white fused alumina. It is suitable for grinding materials with low mechanical strength such as cast iron, brass, aluminum, and refractory materials.

 

Green silicon carbide grinding wheel: The hardness and brittleness of green silicon carbide are higher than that of black silicon carbide, and the grains are sharp and it has good thermal conductivity. It is suitable for grinding hard and brittle materials such as tungsten carbide, optical glass, and ceramics.

 

Pink fused alumina grinding wheel: It is suitable for grinding tools, measuring tools, instruments, threads and other workpieces with high surface quality requirements.

 

Monocrystalline fused alumina grinding wheel: It is suitable for grinding stainless steel, high vanadium high-speed steel and other workpieces with high toughness, high hardness, and easily deformed burns.

Microcrystalline fused alumina grinding wheel: It is suitable for grinding stainless, bearing steel and special ductile iron, etc. It is used for forming grinding, cut-in grinding, and mirror grinding.

 

Fused zirconia alumina grinding wheel: It is suitable for grinding austenite, titanium alloy, heat resistant alloy, especially suitable for heavy load grinding.

 

(2).The selection of grain size depends mainly on the surface roughness and grinding efficiency of the workpiece being ground.

Grain size refers to the grain size of the abrasive and its size is indicated by the grain size number. When grinding with coarse-grained grinding wheels, the production efficiency is high, but the surface of the ground workpiece is rough. When grinding with the fine-grained grinding wheel, the surface of the ground workpiece is better, and the productivity is lower. Under the premise of meeting the roughness requirements, coarse-grained grinding wheels should be used as much as possible to ensure high grinding efficiency. Usually, the coarse-grained grinding wheel is used for rough grinding, and the fine-grained grinding wheel is used for fine grinding.

When the contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is large, should choose the coarser grain size grinding wheel. For example, when grinding the same plane, the grain size for grinding the end face is coarser than for grinding the periphery.

 

(3)The selection of hardness depends mainly on the workpiece material being ground, grinding efficiency and the quality of the machined surface.

Hardness refers to the difficulty of the abrasive wheel falling off under the action of external force. To meet the requirements of different workpiece material grinding, the grinding wheel is divided into different hardness grades.

If the grinding wheel is hard, the abrasive grains are not easy to fall off, and the grinding wheel blocks easily and the grinding heat is increased, and easily burns the workpiece, and the grinding efficiency is low, affecting the surface quality of the workpiece. If the grinding wheel is too soft, the abrasive grains are also off when it is sharp, and it increases the wear of the grinding wheel, easily loses the correct geometry and affects the workpiece accuracy.

Therefore, should choose the right hardness of grinding wheel. It should also be considered according to the contact area of the grinding wheel and the workpiece, the shape of the workpiece, grinding way, cooling method, bond type of the grinding wheel and other factors.

The hardness selection principles of grinding wheel are for reference as follows:

1. When grinding soft materials, choose the harder grinding wheels. When grinding hard materials, choose the soft grinding wheel.

2. When grinding soft and tough non-ferrous metals, choose the softer hardness.

3. When grinding poor thermal conductivity materials, choose the grinding wheels with softer hardness.

4. The hardness of the grinding wheel for end face grinding is softer than that of periphery grinding.

5. Under the same grinding conditions, the hardness of the resin bond grinding wheel is 1-2 grade higher than that of vitrified bond grinding wheel.

6. When the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is high, choose the soft 1-2 grade of the hardness of the grinding wheel.

7. The hardness of grinding wheel with coolant grinding is 1-2 grade higher than the grinding wheel for dry grinding.

(4) The selection of bond should be considered in terms of grinding methods, speed of use and surface processing requirements.

There are vitrified bond (V) and resin bond(B).

The vitrified bond is an inorganic bonding agent with stable chemical performance, good heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, and high porosity. This wheel has high grinding efficiency and low wear, and can better maintain the geometry of the grinding wheel, and the application is wide. It is suitable for conventional carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tungsten carbide, non-ferrous metals, etc. But, the vitrified bond grinding wheel is relatively brittle and cannot be subjected to severe vibration. Usually, only the grinding wheel is used at the speed of 35m/s below.

The resin bond is an organic bond agent, and resin bond grinding wheel has high strength, certain elasticity, low heat resistance, good self-sharpness, simple production and short cycle time of the process. The resin bonded can be manufactured the grinding wheels with working speed higher than 50m/s and very thin grinding wheels. Its application range is second only to the vitrified bonding agent.

It is widely used for rough grinding, snagging, cutting off and free grinding such as grinding steel ingots, casting burrs, etc. It can manufacture the grinding wheel with high speed and high glosses, heavy load, cutting off and other special requirements.

(5) The selection of structure mainly should be considered the pressure, grinding method, and workpiece materials.

The structure refers to the percentage of the grinding wheel volume occupied by the abrasive grains in the grinding wheel. The grinding wheel is graded at the percentage of 62% of the abrasive grain volume as 0 # number organization. The volume of the abrasive grain is reduced by 2%, the tissue is increased by 1#, which is divided into 15 numbers. The larger the number, the looser the structure is.

The grinding wheel with compact structure can grind the better surface of the workpiece. The grinding wheel with loose structure can ensure the holding the grinding debris and avoid the blockage of the grinding wheel due to the large gap. When rough grinding and grinding softer metals, the grinding wheel easily blocks and should choose the grinding wheel with a loose structure.

When forming grinding and precision grinding, should choose the grinding wheel with a compact structure to maintain the geometry of the grinding wheel and obtain better roughness. When grinding the machine tool guide rail and tungsten carbide tools should choose the grinding wheel with a loose structure to reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece and avoid burn and cracks. When grinding the heat-sensitive materials, non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials should use more than 12# structure grinding wheels.

(6) The shape and size should be selected according to the conditions of the grinding machine and the shape of the workpiece.

There are plane grinding wheels(P), wheels recessed one side(PDA), wheels recessed two sides (PSA), thin grinding wheels(PB), cylindrical grinding wheels(N), bowl-shaped grinding wheels(BW), dish-shaped 1# grinding wheels(D1), etc.

The shape and size of the grinding wheel that can be used in every type of grinding machine have a certain range. The outer diameter of the grinding wheel should be chosen as large as possible to increase the linear velocity of the grinding wheel, obtain higher productivity and surface quality of the workpiece, and the same effect can be obtained by increasing the width of the grinding wheel.

2.Diamond grinding wheel selection

Compared with the grinding wheel made from conventional abrasive grains such as boron carbide, silicon carbide, and fused alumina, the diamond grinding wheel have sharper edges, low wear, long life, high productivity, and good processing quality, but the price is expensive. They are suitable for finish grinding high hardness, brittle and difficult-to-machine materials such as tungsten carbide, ceramic, and semiconductor.

The features of the diamond grinding wheel include the type of abrasive, grain size, hardness, concentration, bond, shape, and size of the grinding wheel.

Abrasives: Synthetic diamond (JR) is widely used according to its crystal shape and particle strength. It can be divided into various models according to the application.

Grain size: Consider three aspects of workpiece roughness, grinding productivity and diamond consumption.

Hardness: Only the resin bond diamond grinding wheel has the features of “ hardness”. S(Y1) grade or higher is used.

Bond: There are resin bond, vitrified bond, bronze bond, and electroplated metal bond.

The resin bond diamond grinding wheel has high grinding efficiency, good roughness of the workpiece to be processed, wide application range, good self-sharpness, not block easily, low heat, easy dressing, and poor wear resistance, mainly used in the finish grinding.

The vitrified bond diamond grinding wheel has good self-sharpness and sharp grinding. It is mainly used for grinding various non-metallic hard and brittle materials such as tungsten carbide, PCD, PCBN, industrial ceramics, etc.

Bronze bond has good wear resistance, but it is not easy for dressing. It is mainly used for processing automotive glass, magnetic materials, optical glass, and other products.

The electroplated diamond grinding wheel is sharp and can be made into various shapes, but the life is short and can be applied to various kinds of hard materials.

Concentration: The selection of concentration depends on the grain size, bond, shape, processing method, production efficiency and wheel life requirements of the grinding wheel. The diamond grinding wheel with high concentration has a strong ability to maintain the shape of the grinding wheel. When grinding wheel with low concentration grinding, diamond consumption is often lower and should be selected as needed.

Shape and size: selected upon the shape and size of the workpiece and conditions of the machine tool.

3.Cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel selection

The cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel is most suitable for processing hard-to-machine steel with high hardness, high viscosity, high-temperature strength, and low thermal conductivity, and high speed or ultra high speed grinding. Its application range complements synthetic diamond.

Diamond wheels have a unique effect when grinding tungsten carbide and non-metallic materials, but the effect is not significant when grinding steel, especially when grinding special steel. The efficiency of grinding cubic steel by CBN grinding wheel is nearly 100 times higher than that of fused alumina grinding wheel, and it is 5 times higher than that of the diamond grinding wheel, but grinding brittle material is not as good as the diamond.

The selection of a CBN grinding wheel is similar to that of the diamond grinding wheel. Vitrified bond CBN grinding wheel is an important development product, mainly used for grinding difficult-to-machine ferrous metals such as titanium alloy, high-speed steel and malleable cast iron.

The resin bond CBN grinding wheel suitable for grinding ferromagnetic materials and is an ideal for processing steel. The concentration of the CBN wheel is usually between 100% and 150%. It is economical and reasonable. It can not use conventional cutting fluid and requires special cutting fluid.

4.Selection of grinding wheel with big pores

The grinding wheel with big pores features is to be blocked, high durability and strong cutting ability when grinding. It is suitable for rough and finishes grinding of non-metallic materials such as soft metals and plastics, rubber and leather. At the same time, it features fast heat dissipation, so it has a good effect in grinding some heat-sensitive materials, thin-walled workpiece and dry grinding processes( such as sharpening tungsten carbide tools and machine tool guide rails).

The manufacturing method of grinding wheel with big pores is the same as that of the conventional vitrified bond grinding wheel. The difference is that adding a certain amount of porogen into the furnish, which is completely volatilized or burned before the grinding wheel is sintered, thereby there are some pores.

The product range of grinding wheel with big pores: The abrasives usually are carbide and fused alumina, such as black silicon carbide(C), green silicon carbide(GC) and white fused alumina(WA), which have high hardness, brittle, sharp with good thermal and electrical conductivity. The abrasive grain size(36#-180#), bond(vitrified), hardness(G-M grade), shape( flat, cup, bowl or dish), pore size( about 0.7-1.4mm)

Conclusion:

We should know the right grinding wheel selection according to the actual situation in practical applications.

Remarks: Click on the text below to learn about the most comprehensive knowledge of diamond and CBN grinding wheels.

how to choose a grinding wheel? This article mainly writes the specifications and properties of the grinding wheel, how to choose the grinding wheel, how to store and transport the grinding wheel, etc.

Types and performance of grinding wheels

(1) Overview

Grinding wheels are the most important type of abrasive tools in grinding. The grinding wheel is a porous body made by adding a binder to the abrasive, compacted, dried and roasted.

Due to the different abrasives, bonding agents and manufacturing processes, the characteristics of the grinding wheel vary greatly, so it has an important impact on the processing quality, productivity and economy of grinding.

The characteristics of the grinding wheel are mainly determined by factors such as abrasive, particle size, binder, hardness, structure, shape and size.

(2) Classification of grinding wheels

There are many types of grinding wheels.

According to the abrasive used, it can be divided into ordinary abrasive (corundum (Al2O3) and silicon carbide, etc.) grinding wheel and super-hard abrasive (diamond and cubic boron nitride) grinding wheel;

According to the shape of the grinding wheel, it can be divided into flat grinding wheel, bevel grinding wheel, cylindrical grinding wheel, cup grinding wheel, dish grinding wheel, etc .;

According to the bonding agent, it can be divided into ceramic grinding wheel, resin grinding wheel, rubber grinding wheel, metal grinding wheel and so on.

White corundum wheel

If you want to learn more, please visit our website Electroplated diamond saw blades.

Brown corundum grinding wheel

Green silicon carbide grinding wheel

Diamond wheel

(3) The properties of the grinding wheel and how to choose a grinding wheel

The grinding wheel is a circular fixed abrasive with a through hole in the center made of abrasives and bonding agents.

The characteristics of the grinding wheel are determined by factors such as abrasive, particle size, hardness, binder, shape and size, which are now introduced as follows.

1. Abrasive and its selection

Abrasive is the main raw material for manufacturing grinding wheels, which is responsible for cutting work. Therefore, the abrasive must be sharp, with high hardness, good heat resistance and certain toughness. The names, codes, characteristics and uses of commonly used abrasives are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Commonly used abrasives

category name Code characteristic use Oxide series Brown corundum A(GZ) Contains 91 ~ 96% alumina. Brown, high hardness, good toughness, cheap price Grinding carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, hard bronze, etc. White corundum WA(GB) Contains 97 ~ 99% alumina. White, higher hardness, lower toughness than brown corundum, good self-sharpness, less heat generation during grinding Precision grinding hardened steel, high carbon steel, high speed steel and thin-walled parts Carbide series Black silicon carbide C(TH) Contains more than 95% silicon carbide. It is black or dark blue and shiny. Harder than white corundum, brittle and sharp, good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity Grinding cast iron. Brass, aluminum, refractory and non-metallic materials Green silicon carbide GC(TL) Contains more than 97% silicon carbide. Green, higher hardness and brittleness than TH, good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity Grinding cemented carbide, optical glass, precious stones, jade, ceramics, honing engine cylinder liners, etc. Super Hard Abrasive Synthetic diamond D(JR) Colorless and transparent or light yellow, yellow green, black. High hardness, more brittle than natural diamond. The price is many times more expensive than other abrasives Grinding high-hardness materials such as cemented carbide and precious stones Cubic boron nitride CBN(JLD) Cubic crystal structure, hardness is slightly lower than diamond, higher strength, good thermal conductivity Grinding, grinding, honing various hardened and toughened steel and high molybdenum, high alum, high cobalt steel, stainless steel

2. Granularity and selection

Particle size refers to the size of abrasive particles. There are two types of particle size: abrasive grain and micro powder. The abrasive particles are classified by the screening method, and its particle size number is expressed by the number of holes within one inch of the screen.

For example, 60 # abrasive grains indicate that it can pass through a screen with 60 holes per inch, but cannot pass through a screen with 70 holes per inch.

The size of 120 # means that it can pass through a screen with 120 holes per inch.

For abrasives with a particle size of less than 40 μm (micron, 1 mm = 1000 microns), it is called fine powder. Micro powder is classified by micro measurement method, and its particle size number is expressed by the actual size of the abrasive (W). See Table 2 for the abrasive particle sizes of various particle numbers.

Table 2 Grinding wheel particle size table

Granularity number Particle size（um） Granularity number Particle size（um） Granularity number Particle size（um） 14# 1600~1250 70# 250~200 W4 40~28 16# 1250~1000 80# 200~160 W28 28~20 20# 1000~800 100# 160~125 W20 20~14 24# 800~630 120# 125~100 W14 14~10 30# 630~500 150# 100~80 W10 10~7 36# 500~400 180# 80~63 W7 7~5 46# 400~315 240# 63~50 W5 5~ 60# 315~250 280# 50~40 ~

The choice of abrasive particle size is mainly related to the roughness of the processed surface and productivity.

During rough grinding, the grinding allowance is large, and the required surface roughness value is large, so coarse abrasive particles should be used. Because the abrasive grains are thick, the pores are large, and the grinding depth is large, the grinding wheel is not easy to block and heat.

When fine grinding, the margin is small, and the roughness value is low, and finer abrasive particles can be selected.

In general, the finer the abrasive particles, the better the roughness of the grinding surface. The particle size is not the only factor that plays a decisive role. I have seen the mirror surface polished with 80K wheels. See Table 3 for the application of different granularity grinding wheels.

Table 3 Scope of use of different size grinding wheels

Granularity number Particle size range/μm Scope of application Granularity number Particle size range/μm Scope of application 12-36 2000- Rough grinding, rough grinding, cutting billet, grinding burr W40-20 40-28

20-14

Precision grinding, super-precision grinding, thread grinding, honing 46-80 400-315

200-160

Rough grinding, semi-fine grinding, fine grinding W14-10 14-10

10-7

Fine grinding, fine grinding, super fine grinding, mirror grinding 100-280 165-125

50-40

Precision grinding, profile grinding, tool sharpening, honing 7-5 Super precision grinding, mirror grinding, making abrasives, etc.

3. Binding agent and its selection

The role of the bonding agent is to bond the abrasive particles together so that the grinding wheel has the necessary shape and strength.

(1), ceramic binder (V): good chemical stability, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and low cost, accounting for 90%, but it is brittle, not suitable for thin slices, and not suitable for high speed. The linear speed is generally 35m / s.

(2), resin binder (B): high strength and good elasticity, impact resistance, suitable for high-speed grinding or grooving and cutting work, but poor corrosion resistance and heat resistance (300 ℃), good self-sharpness.

Regarding self-sharpness: the grinding effect of the grinding wheel mainly depends on the sharp edges and corners exposed by the abrasive grains. During the grinding process, the sharp edges and corners will slowly wear off and become dull, weakening the grinding ability of the grinding wheel. At this time, the abrasive particles on the surface will fall off or break, forming a new grinding edge to achieve a sharp grinding effect, which is self-sharpening.

(3), rubber bond (R): high strength, good elasticity, impact resistance, suitable for polishing wheels, guide wheels and thin grinding wheels, but poor corrosion resistance and heat resistance (200 ℃), good self-sharpness.

(4) Metal bond (M): bronze, nickel, etc., high strength and toughness, good formability, but poor self-sharpness, suitable for diamond, cubic boron nitride grinding wheels.

Table 4 Binding agent code, performance and use

kind Code Main ingredient performance use Ceramic binder V Clay, feldspar talc. (1) Resistant to water, acid, alkali and heat (2) Brittle and difficult to block (3) Cheap (4) Linear speed of 35M / S Grinding of narrow grooves except cutting parts Resin bond B Resin made of carbolic acid and formaldehyde 1) High strength and good elasticity 2) Poor heat and corrosion resistance 3) Storage time no more than one year Grinding narrow grooves. Grinding wheel for cutting. Grinding wheels for polishing Rubber binder R Elastomer 1) High strength and high elasticity 2) Good concession and vibration absorption 3) Not oil resistant Narrow groove grinding surface Rhododendron soil binder Mg 1) Good self-sharpness 2) Low grinding heat Grinding metal with large surface area and poor thermal conductivity

4. Hardness and selection

The hardness of the grinding wheel refers to the difficulty of the abrasive particles on the surface of the grinding wheel falling off under the action of the grinding force. The hardness of the grinding wheel is soft, which means that the abrasive particles of the grinding wheel are easy to fall off, and the hardness of the grinding wheel is hard, which means that the abrasive particles are more difficult to fall off. (Important! The hardness of the grinding wheel does not refer to the hardness of the grinding wheel)

The hardness of the grinding wheel and the hardness of the abrasive are two different concepts. The same kind of abrasive can be made into different hardness grinding wheels, which mainly depends on the performance and quantity of the bonding agent and the manufacturing process of the grinding wheel. The obvious difference between grinding and cutting is that the grinding wheel has “self-sharpening”. Choosing the hardness of the grinding wheel is actually choosing the self-sharpening of the grinding wheel. Fall off.

The general principle of selecting the hardness of the grinding wheel is: when processing soft metals, in order to prevent the abrasive from falling off prematurely, the hard grinding wheel is used. When processing hard metals, in order to make the blunt abrasive particles fall off in time, thereby exposing new abrasive particles with sharp edges and corners (that is, self-sharpness), soft grinding wheels are used.

The former is because when grinding soft materials, the abrasive wear of the grinding wheel is very slow and does not need to be detached too early; the latter is because when grinding hard materials, the abrasive wear of the grinding wheel is faster and requires faster Update.

When fine grinding, in order to ensure the grinding accuracy and roughness, a slightly harder grinding wheel should be used. When the thermal conductivity of the workpiece material is poor, and it is easy to cause burns and cracks (such as grinding carbide, etc.), the selected grinding wheel should be softer.

Do you know how the hardness of the grinding wheel is tested in the factory? Don’t laugh at all: it’s a chisel.

Table 5 Grinding wheel hardness classification and code

Hardness level Code Grand level Small so soft so soft D．E．F． soft soft 1 G soft 2 H soft 3 J medium soft medium soft 1 K medium soft 2 L medium medium 1 M medium 2 N medium hard medium hard 1 P medium hard 2 Q medium hard 3 R hard hard 1 S hard 2 T so hard so hard Y

Note: The “code” in the above table is the current new national standard code. The old national standard code is represented by the first letter of Chinese characters + digits, such as: medium hard 1 = ZY1, some grinding wheels are still using the old national code, As shown in the figure above, there is a “R3” on the grinding wheel, which is “soft 3”.

Table 6 Simple selection criteria for grinding wheel hardness

soft ←————Grinding wheel hardnes————→ hard Hard and crisp ←————Workpiece material————→ Soft and sticky width ←————Contact area————→ narrow fast ←————Wheel speed————→ slow slow ←————Workpiece feed speed————→ fast good ←————Material machining performance————→ bad skilled ←————Worker technology————→ Unskilled

5. Organization of grinding wheel

The organization of the grinding wheel is the proportional distribution of the amount of abrasive, bond and pore. Simply speaking, it is the distance between abrasive particles. The distance between abrasives is very difficult to measure, and the percentage of abrasive in the volume of the grinding wheel, that is, the abrasive rate, is used as the organization standard.

Depending on the organization, compact or loose grinding wheels with different densities can be made to suit different grinding conditions. The abrasive particles of the grinding wheel can be quickly broken after being blunt, so that the new blade is exposed to continue grinding.

The densely organized grinding wheel has fewer pores and the loosely organized grinding wheel has more pores. Although there are many blowholes, the bonding degree is weak, but there is a large cutting space, which can improve the cutting effect. Large pores and few holes are called coarse grinding wheels; small pores and many holes are called dense grinding wheels.

Simply put, the large-diameter grinding wheel is suitable for grinding soft and sticky materials, such as aluminum and copper; on the contrary, it is suitable for grinding hard and brittle materials.

6. The shape of the grinding wheel

The shape of the grinding wheel is roughly divided into five types, flat, hypotenuse (double hypotenuse, single hypotenuse), dish, bowl and cup.

Flat-shaped grinding wheels are the most widely used. They can grind flat surfaces, outer circles, slots, etc., and can be shaped into various shapes for grinding according to actual needs.

There is no need to talk too much about the bevel edge grinding wheel. Everyone understands that the carpenter usually uses a single bevel edge grinding wheel to grind the alloy saw blade.

Disc-shaped and bowl-shaped grinding wheels are usually used to grind various tools and cutting tools, such as drills and milling cutters.

The cup-shaped grinding wheel can be used for many purposes. For example, this type of grinding wheel is used on the machine of the grinding knife. In addition, the bowl-shaped grinding wheel can also be used for vertical grinding.

There are many types of grinding wheels with handles (such as those used in electric grinders). The grinding wheels can be made into many shapes to meet different needs.

7. The size of the grinding wheel

The size of the grinding wheel is usually represented by a string

Examples of signs for grinding wheels:

SPA400 × 100 × 127A60L5B35

SPA —– shape code

400 —— Outer diameter D

100 —— thickness H

127 —- Aperture D

A ——— Abrasive

60 ——– Granularity

L ——— Hardness

5 ——— Organization number

B ——– Binder

35 ——- Maximum working linear speed m / s

Storage and transportation of grinding wheels

The strength of the grinding wheel is low and it is susceptible to factors such as temperature, humidity, vibration, collision, extrusion and storage time. It is of great significance to prevent the accident by properly storing and transporting the grinding wheel. To this end, the following should be done:

1. The grinding wheel should be stored on a dedicated storage rack.

2. The storage of grinding wheels should be reduced as much as possible to prevent cracks caused by impact and vibration. The grinding wheel is brittle, please don’t hit, fall and collide.

3. Be careful not to contact oil when storing rubber bond grinding wheels; do not contact alkali solution with resin bond grinding wheels. Ceramic abrasive tools should not be placed in a humid or frozen place, otherwise the abrasive strength and grinding force will be reduced.

The resin and rubber bond grinding wheel should be sandwiched between two smooth and flat metal plates during storage. The metal plate should be larger than the diameter of the grinding wheel. In addition, do not put it directly under damp and blower to prevent bending and deformation. The grinding wheel cannot be stored for a long time, and the resin and rubber will deteriorate after more than one year. At this time, it must be strictly inspected before use.

Rubber and resin bond thin grinding wheels should be prevented from deformation during storage.

4. The storage of the grinding wheel should be based on the manufacturer’s instructions. The expired grinding wheel cannot be used casually.

5. During the transportation of the grinding wheel, it can not be installed with metal objects and reduce vibration and impact.

6. Abrasive tools should be stored in a dry place, the room temperature is not less than 5 degrees Celsius; when the grinding wheels are stacked, the stacking height is generally not more than.

7. The grinding tools should be placed separately according to the specifications, and the storage place is marked with signs to avoid confusion and errors. The placement method should depend on the size of the grinding shape. Abrasive tools with larger diameter or thicker should be placed upright and slightly inclined, and thinner and smaller grinding wheels should be placed horizontally, but not too high, and a flat iron plate should be placed under each one to prevent deformation of the grinding wheel Or cracked.

Diamond grinding wheel

The reason why the diamond grinding wheel is taken out alone is because many people don’t know much about the diamond grinding wheel, and it is easy to enter the wrong area. Anyone who sees the word “diamond” will have only one idea, that is, “hard”.

At present, diamond is the material with the highest hardness in nature, so abrasive tools made of diamond have inherent advantages, especially when used in difficult-to-grind materials.

There is a table below, which shows the hardness indexes of various abrasives. This table is from a textbook of a university in Taiwan. From the table, it can be seen that the hardness comparison between the hardness of various materials is a bit similar to the Mohs scale Method, you can make a reference:

Abrasive hardness（H） diamond（D） 7000 Silicon carbide（GC） 2550 Silicon carbide（C） 2500 Alumina（HA） 2300 Alumina（WA） 2200 Alumina（A） 2000 Sintered alumina 1300

The diamond grinding wheel mainly uses diamond as the main abrasive, and then is formed by a bonding agent. The bonding agent is roughly divided into four types: metal, resin, ceramic and electroplating, which can be made into various shapes.

Diamond wheels can be used for grinding, polishing, grinding and cutting purposes. At the same time, it is used to grind high-hardness alloys and non-metallic materials. The high hardness of diamond, high compressive strength and good wear resistance make the diamond grinding wheel the most ideal tool for hard and brittle materials and cemented carbides during grinding. The diamond grinding wheel not only has high efficiency and high precision, but also the surface of the workpiece after grinding The roughness is good, the grinding wheel consumption is low, the service life is long, and at the same time, a large amount of dust will not be generated during grinding, and the working conditions are improved.

The use of diamond grinding wheels: It is used for hard and brittle materials with low iron content that are difficult to be processed by ordinary grinding wheels, such as cemented carbide, agate gemstone, semiconductor materials, glass, high-alumina ceramics, stone, etc.

Here, please note that it is “metal and non-metallic materials with low iron content”

The following are personal opinions:

1. About the binder and its use.

The diamond wheels of metal bond are generally made of bronze sintered diamond particles, which are mostly used for stone cutting and grinding. They have high bonding strength and long service life. They are suitable for heavy cutting operations.

The diamond grinding wheel with resin bond is more widely used, and it is very good for grinding cemented carbide. I used a new diamond grinding wheel to grind a dozen solid carbide (YG6x, hardness greater than YG8) seal cutters (8mm wide 8 pieces of 6 mm wide and 8 pieces of 6 mm wide). After grinding, it was found that the grinding wheel was almost not worn. It really did not even wear off the skin, and the efficiency was very high.

The production of diamond grinding wheels with ceramic bond is more troublesome, and there are few on the market, and we can’t use them, so I won’t go into details here.

Let’s talk about electroplating. The electroplated diamond grinding wheel is to plate the diamond particles on the substrate by electroplating. This kind of grinding wheel is really a good thing. I like this kind of grinding wheel very much.

The advantage of this type of grinding wheel is that the substrate can be processed into any shape, coated with a layer of diamond particles, and shaped for grinding. Diamond wheels are very hard, and you can’t repair them into any shape like dressing corundum wheels. At this time, the formed substrate is very important, and because there is only a layer of diamond on the surface, the cost is relatively low.

The disadvantage of electroplating is that it is easy to touch off the diamond particles coated on it. Most of the particles are hung up by the workpiece instead of being worn away. Fortunately, I have better conditions. After polishing, I can get it in the factory and plate it, which is very convenient.

I don’t dare to buy the “electroplated diamond whetstone” of a certain treasure. The glitter on it is mostly green silicon carbide particles. I don’t know how to make abrasive tools, but I asked the master in the factory. The master said that it is technically very difficult to electroplat diamond and silicon carbide on the steel plate at the same time. This shows that others are also using technology to make money, it is understandable.

2. About diamond grinding wheels

Many people like to use diamond wheels to grind planers, chisels, etc. They think diamond is very hard and the grinding efficiency is high, but this is actually not a good choice. Diamond is very hard, but it is not suitable for grinding iron-carbon alloys (steel).

At first, you will use diamond to grind, and you will feel that the “under meat” is very fast. The carbon in the diamond will react chemically with the carbon in the steel. As a result, the diamond will soon be worn away. In the factory, the diamond grinding wheel is repaired by using an iron block, and the diamond is worn away little by little. Therefore, it is not to say that diamonds cannot grind steel, because diamonds are too expensive.

3. The choice of sharpening

Ordinary whetstones are usually used for grinding steel tools used by hand. Silicon carbide or alumina are good. A softer whetstone may work best. This is the best way to “how fast and save”. I don’t need to sharpen the knife with natural stones, and finally I will sharpen it, and then run into a piece of impurities and fall apart, blindly delaying the effort.

Some people think that “natural magma” is easy to use. This is correct. This kind of stone is relatively soft, and it is worn away. It is equivalent to grinding away the blunt particles on the surface, and the sharp blade is exposed. The particles also play the role of grinding and polishing. I have n’t seen the “slurry” grinded down by the old shaving master ’s grindstone. I am wrapped up in a towel and hid it.

Don’t be superstitious about “natural Japanese magma”, it is often priced at hundreds or hundreds. Japan’s stones will not be better than those of the heavenly dynasty. The island nation estimates that there are more new volcanic rocks.

Also, those “natural agate whetstones” and “ruby whetstones” on a treasure are all sintered with corundum. Anyway, if I have such a large piece of beautiful gemstone, I would definitely not be willing to sell it as a whetstone.

There are three reasons why I do n’t use natural stone sharpeners: first, there may be impurities; second, it is not durable and wears too fast; third, there is not much granularity to choose from.

If conditions permit, the grinding knife can use boron nitride whetstone, pay attention to “boron nitride”, not “boron carbide”, this kind of abrasive has high hardness, very suitable for grinding metal materials, it can certainly “how fast” “Province” won’t account for it, but four accounts for three, and it’s enough

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