Selecting the Best Fertilizer Pump For Your Application

We all know the key role fertilizer plays in crop production. Handling large volumes of these vital plant nutrients requires the right transfer equipment. At the heart of every fertilizer transportation system is the pump. Whether it is unloading rail cars or filling the tanks on your planter, the type of pump you use has an impact on your ability to run your operation smoothly.

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In this guide, we'll dive into the various types of fertilizer pumps. We will also look at the specific characteristics and attributes that hold up to the rigorous nature of transferring fertilizer.

Understanding Fertilizer Transfer Pumps

The primary pump type used for high-volume transfer of fertilizers is a centrifugal pump. Known for their simplicity and effectiveness, They are ideal for any scenario where the goal is to transfer fluid as quickly as possible. In other words, high-volume transfer scenarios such as loading or unloading semi-tankers, emptying rail cars, loading sprayers, applying liquid on fields, etc.

Now, centrifugal pumps are not the only pump types used to handle fertilizer. There are many different positive displacement pumps used to apply fertilizers on planters or toolbars, and there are gear pumps used for some more viscous products, but centrifugal pumps are the primary choice for high-volume transfer.

Advantages of Centrifugal Pumps for Fertilizer:

• Simple
• High-flow
• Easy to repair
• Durable

Disadvantages of Centrifugal Pumps for Fertilizer:

• Low pressure relative to other pump types
• May not handle really heavy or viscous products
• Cannot be run dry unless they have a lubricated seal

How Fertilizer Transfer Pumps Work

Before we get to the dirty details of fertilizer pump selection, it is worth your time to get familiar with the basics of centrifugal pumps. Especially, if you aren't familiar with them or need a quick refresher. If you want to jump straight to the pump selection, click here to jump ahead.

In order to gain a thorough understanding of how a centrifugal pump works, we should first look at the main components. These are the housing, the impeller, the shaft, and the shaft seal. Depending on the specific type of pump and the design there may be other components like a pedestal, volute, bearings, etc., but these are the main pieces that make up all centrifugal pumps.

Basic Components of a Centrifugal Fertilizer Pump:

• Housing
• Volute
• Impeller
• Shaft
• Seal
• Gasket
• Pedestal/Adapter

A centrifugal pump operates by using centrifugal force to move liquid. The impeller, mounted on the shaft, is driven by a motor or engine. As the shaft rotates, the impeller also rotates. The rotation of the impeller creates centrifugal force, which pushes the liquid inside the pump away from the center (the eye of the impeller) towards the outer edges

Pump Curves

Variations in pump construction result in different capabilities, such as flow rate, head, horsepower, and efficiency points. These differences arise from the various pump sizes, the shapes of the pump volute, as well as the sizes and designs of impellers. These factors alter the pump curve, which represents the pump's performance based on discharge plumbing parameters.

All these different variations mean that it is important to look at a pump curve when choosing a pump and not just physical attributes such as the port size or horsepower. Those alone don't tell the whole story.

A pump curve is a graphical representation that shows the relationship between the flow rate and the head (pressure) of a pump. It illustrates how a pump performs under different conditions, helping users determine the best operating point for efficiency and effectiveness. By understanding the pump curve, you can select the right pump and the horsepower needed for your specific application, ensuring optimal performance and energy savings.

How to read pump curves

For more detailed information on centrifugal pump operation and pump curves, be sure to read this detailed guide on centrifugal pumps written by Tom Hansen, Head Engineer at Dultmeier Sales.

Selecting a Fertilizer Pump

Now that we have a solid understanding of how a centrifugal pump operates, Let's look at the different aspects you should consider when choosing the right one for your needs.

Straight Versus Self-Priming

While there are many variations and different designs, all centrifugal pumps fit into two main categories: straight and self-priming. Both of these types operate on the same basic principle, using centrifugal force to move liquid. They differ in their ability to maintain liquid inside the pump. This is an important factor to consider when you select a pump so let's examine this a bit further.

Self-priming pump

A self-priming centrifugal pump can pull liquid from a level that is below the pump inlet (assuming it is properly primed initially). This is achieved via a combination of the design of the volute and suction created by the pump. A self-priming pump is designed to store fluid in the housing even after it stops running. Thus keeping the pump seal protected when it is started again and it begins to prime.

Priming is important because a standard centrifugal pump requires liquid in it at all times to lubricate the shaft seal. I say standard because there are centrifugal pumps that can be run dry but more on that later.

This video thoroughly explains the principles of pump priming:

Self-priming pumps are often used as transfer pumps to load and unload sprayers or nurse tanks. They provide more flexibility in this scenario because they do not have to be installed lower than the tank outlet. This means they can be installed almost anywhere on a truck or trailer and pull liquid from the tank.

Straight centrifugal pump

A straight centrifugal pump will also create suction the same way that a self-priming pump does, however, due to the design of the pump volute, they do not store liquid. The inlet of the pump must be gravity-fed so that the pump is not operated without liquid. If the pump inlet is not gravity-fed (flooded suction), You can use a check valve or foot valve in the suction line to trap fluid in the pump. This will protect the seal from cavitation when it starts again.

These pumps are generally more efficient than self-priming pumps. They are simpler machines, with impellers and casings designed for hydraulic efficiency. Self-priming pumps, on the other hand, have additional features like a priming chamber that can create turbulence and energy loss, making them less efficient.

A straight centrifugal pump uses most of its energy for pumping, whereas self-priming pumps must expend some energy on the priming process, reducing their overall efficiency.

Straight centrifugal pumps are very common in scenarios where the pump is going to be permanently installed with a flooded suction port:

• Bulk transfer from large storage tanks
• rail unloading, etc.
• onboard sprayers
• planters
• fertilizer toolbars

Choosing between a straight centrifugal pump and a self-priming centrifugal pump depends largely on your specific application needs. Self-priming pumps are versatile and work for many applications, but if you want efficiency and the pump will have flooded suction, then a straight centrifugal pump is generally the best way to go.

Types of Fertilizer Pump Drives

Another aspect to consider when selecting a centrifugal fertilizer pump is the means you will use to drive it. A pump can be driven any way you want as long as you have enough horsepower to handle the application.

Common centrifugal pump drive types used for fertilizer transfer:

• Electric Motor
• Hydraulic Motor
• PTO Driven
• Gas-Engine

Electric Motor Units

Electric motor-driven units are the most common drive type in fertilizer facilities. There are two different pump and motor unit styles: close-coupled and long-coupled. As the name suggests, a close-coupled is where the pump is directly bolted to the electric motor. Long-coupled pump units are connected with a set of couplers.

Close Coupled Pump & Motor Units

SCLFE471

A close-coupled pump unit is a much simpler design that has many benefits. Both self-priming and straight centrifugal pumps can be coupled with a C-face motor. Pump manufacturers build pumps with motor adapters to mate with several different electric motor frame sizes.

Pros:

• Compact design
• less expensive
• easy to connect
• No alignment issues

Cons:

• Leaking around the pump seal can damage the motor

Long Coupled Units

DUVF4x3-20-SGL

Although they are more complex and expensive, long-coupled units have many benefits. They typically consist of a baseplate, a 3-piece flexible coupling, and the pump and motor. Pumps used for long coupled units are called pedestal pumps. This indicates that they have a bearing pedestal with a solid shaft.

Pros:

• Design protects motor bearings from leaks
• Flexibility for more pump and motor combinations

Cons:

• Requires precise alignment
• Can be more expensive due to the baseplates and couplers required

Engine-Driven Pumps

Pumping fertilizer on a nurse/tender trailer or a tanker limits the power sources, so typically we will use engine-driven pumps. For fertilizer, Banjo, MP, John Blue, and Scot offer engine-driven pump units fitted for fertilizer. The horsepower requirements are higher to move fertilizers that are heavier than water. For 2-inch pumps this general means an 8hp engine, and 3-inch pumps will need 13hp. 

Like electric motor pump units, there are a variety of variations available. From manifold flange pumps, poly, cast-iron, and stainless steel:

Engine Driven Pump Units:

John Blue 3-Inch Fertilizer Pump

View Other Engine-Driven Fertilizer Pump Options

If you want to learn more, please visit our website Mobile Trailer Mounted Self Priming Pumps.

Consider Chemical Compatibility

Compatibility is a crucial factor to consider. As you know, fertilizer is a broad term encompassing several different liquids used to improve plant growth. Most of these products possess properties that lead to rust, corrosion, and friction wear on pump components.

Centrifugal pumps can be constructed using various types of materials. Due to the wide variety of chemical properties of the different fertilizers, there isn't one material that works best for all of them. It is important to look at individual products to determine the best material to use.

Common Fertilizer Pump Materials

Although no material will handle all types of fertilizers, there are some that work with common fertilizers such as 10-34-0 or 32% nitrogen. For these products, we recommend polypropylene or cast iron pumps with Viton mechanical seals. Stainless steel is another material that will work with a broad range of fertilizers, but due to the cost, it is only used when necessary.

If you are not sure what materials are best suited for the type of fertilizer you use, you can refer to our chemical compatibility charts or call us for help. Our years of combined experience give us a good idea of what materials should be used with different products.

Regardless of pump type, it is recommended to drain corrosive liquid from the pump and fill it with a non-corrosive liquid such as crop oil or RV antifreeze. This will significantly prolong the life of cast iron pumps.

Choosing A Seal Type

No matter what type of centrifugal pump you are using, the shaft seal is the most important component to understand. The seal provides a barrier keeping liquid in the pump as the shaft rotates.

There are different types of seals used in centrifugal pumps, but the most common we see used with fertilizer is a mechanical seal. This type consists of two seal faces, an elastomer, and a spring:

• Rotating Seal Face: Attached to the pump shaft and rotates with it.
• Stationary Seal Face: Fixed to the pump housing and remains stationary.
• Elastomer: keeps the rotating pieces tight on the shaft.
• Spring: Pushes the two faces together to maintain a tight seal

Each seal face is smooth and consists of durable materials such as silicon carbide, carbon, or ceramic. The seal elastomers can be Buna, EPDM, Viton, or other material that is compatible with the fluid you are pumping. While the pump is operating a small amount of the fluid being pumped forms a barrier between these two seal faces. This lubricates the seal and provides a barrier that keeps the pump from leaking around the shaft.

Viton® mechanical seal assembly

Without liquid in the pump housing, a standard mechanical seal can fail because it is not lubricated. This is called "running a pump dry". The two faces rub together creating friction that will harm the seal face or crack it all together. Even slight damage to the seal face can result in a leak.

Using a pump with a lubricated seal or double seal assembly can prolong seal life. These mechanisms keep the shaft seal of the pump lubricated with antifreeze or grease. This adds protection in situations where the pump might run dry, like unloading trucks or storage tanks. Any situation where a tank is emptied or prime could be lost.

Pressurized wet seal assembly on fertilizer pump & motor unit.

If your pump will be installed in a scenario where it could be running dry or you don't want to risk seal failure in the middle of your busiest season, a double seal or lubricated seal is your best option.

Pump Size

When we say pump size, we are talking about flow rate. The amount of liquid you need your pump to move in a given amount of time is important, but determining what pump will deliver your needed flow rate can be tricky.

The flow rate in centrifugal pumps is closely tied to the discharge head. An increase in discharge head leads to a decrease in flow rate, and vice versa. Understanding this relationship is essential for selecting and operating these pumps, as it directly affects their performance in various scenarios.

Of course, no two scenarios are the same so let's explore how you can go about sizing a fertilizer pump for a specific application.

Sizing A Fertilizer Transfer Pump

First, you need to consider the specific fertilizer you are going to be moving as well as the plumbing layout. This process involves gathering some information, here are the basic steps:

1. Determine Desired Flow Rate: Calculate the required flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM). Consider the application, are you filling tanks? Unloading trailers? How quickly do you want the load/unload process to be completed?
2. Identify Your Fertilizer Properties: Determine the viscosity and density of the fertilizer.
3. Calculate Total Head (TDH): Determining the total discharge head of a pump involves calculating the total head or pressure that the pump needs to overcome to move the fluid through the entire system. If you have plumbing in place already, consider any restrictions such as elbows, valves, strainers, meters, vertical pipes, etc. For more details, you can read this guide that further explains total dynamic head.
4. Identify Pump: Once you know your flow rate and TDH, you can identify a pump that can achieve your desired GPM given your plumbing setup. This requires examining the pump curves of different models to find a suitable option. The pump curve will offer insights into the most efficient option and the required horsepower for your application.

The total dynamic head, the pump design, and the flow rate, combined with the viscosity and weight of the fertilizer will determine how much horsepower is required. Determining pump flow rates and horsepower requirements is a complex matter. If you have questions or just want us to walk through this process, you can give us a call any day and we can help you determine the pump and motor size you need.

Final Takeaways

Choosing the right fertilizer pump is crucial for efficient and smooth operations. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of different pumps and the specific needs of your application, you can make an informed decision.

Remember to consider factors such as pump type, drive methods, material compatibility, seal types, and proper sizing to ensure optimal performance and longevity of your equipment. Investing time in selecting the appropriate pump will ultimately lead to better handling of fertilizers, increased productivity, and cost savings in the long run.

There are many, many different options for fertilizer pumps, so do not hesitate to reach out to us if you need some guidance selecting a pump!

Tech Ag & Industrial Sales

Shane Blomendahl is a tech sales veteran at Dultmeier Sales with over 10+ years of experience in liquid handling products covering several industries and applications.

Basic Facts About Slurry Pumps

A slurry pump is a type of centrifugal pump specifically designed to handle highly abrasive and often corrosive solid particles within a carrier fluid. These pumps are indispensable in various industrial applications, including mining, construction, and wastewater treatment, where the efficient transport of slurries over long distances is critical.

Slurry pumps operate at slower speeds compared to conventional water pumps, which significantly reduces wear rates and extends the life of the pump components. Constructed with heavy-duty materials such as metallic or elastomeric materials, slurry pumps are built to withstand the rigorous demands of pumping slurries. The components that come into contact with the pumped medium are made from wear-resistant materials (including hard metal alloys), further reducing wear rates and increasing the pump’s lifespan.

Capable of handling a wide range of slurries, including those with high solid particle content and highly abrasive materials, slurry pumps are essential in industries where the transport of slurries is a critical part of the process. These pumps are designed to provide superior performance and reliable operation in challenging slurry pumping applications, ensuring the efficient transfer of slurries and achieving impressive results in various industrial operations.

By utilizing slurry pumps, industries can reduce wear rates, increase efficiency, and achieve impressive results in their operations. The use of slurry pumps is essential in various industries, including mining, construction, and wastewater treatment, where the transport of slurries is critical.

What is a self-priming pump, and how does it work?

A self-priming pump is designed to prime itself without external assistance automatically. It utilizes a combination of air and water to create a vacuum within the pump casing, allowing it to draw fluid into the suction line and begin pumping. This eliminates the need for manual priming, making it ideal for applications where priming water is not readily available.

What types of fluids can the self-priming slurry pump handle?

Our self-priming slurry pump is precisely engineered to handle abrasive and viscous fluids, including slurries, mud, sludge, and thick liquids with high solids content. It excels in industries such as mining, dredging, construction, and wastewater treatment.

What are the key advantages of using a self-priming pump?

Ease of Operation: Eliminates the need for manual priming, reducing downtime and labour costs.
Versatility: Can handle a wide range of fluid viscosities and solids concentrations.
Portability: Self-priming capability allows for easier relocation and deployment in various job sites.
Efficiency: Efficiently transfers fluids with minimal clogging and downtime, improving overall productivity.

How do I ensure optimal performance and longevity of the pump?

Regular Maintenance: Follow recommended maintenance schedules provided in the user manual, including inspection of seals, bearings, and impeller.
Proper Installation: Ensure the pump is installed on a stable foundation and aligned correctly with the piping system.
Monitor Operating Conditions: Keep an eye on suction conditions, discharge pressure, and fluid characteristics to prevent overload or damage.
Use Genuine Parts: Replace worn-out components with genuine EDDY Pump parts to maintain performance and reliability.

Can the pump handle highly abrasive materials?

Yes, our self-priming slurry pump is specifically designed to handle abrasive materials commonly found in mining, dredging, and industrial applications. The patented EDDY Pump design features a recessed rotor that minimizes wear and extends the pump’s service life, even when pumping highly abrasive slurries.

What are the power requirements for operating the self-priming pump?

Power requirements vary depending on factors such as pump size, flow rate, and operating conditions. It’s essential to consult the pump specifications and consult with our technical team to determine the appropriate power source and electrical requirements for your specific application.

Can the pump be customized to suit my specific application requirements?

Yes, our self-priming slurry pumps can be customized to meet the unique needs of your application. Whether you require specific construction materials, custom pump sizes, or additional features, our engineering team can work with you to develop a tailored solution that meets your requirements and maximizes performance.

What is the typical lead time for ordering a self-priming slurry pump?

Lead times may vary depending on factors such as pump size, configuration, and current demand. We strive to provide fast turnaround times for standard pump configurations, typically ranging from weeks to a few months for custom orders. Contact our sales team for the most accurate lead time estimate based on your specific requirements.

Do you offer technical support and assistance for installation and troubleshooting?

Yes, our team of experienced engineers and technical support staff is available to assist you with installing, operating, and troubleshooting your self-priming slurry pump. Whether you have questions about pump selection, installation guidance, or troubleshooting advice, we’re here to help you every step of the way.

What warranty coverage is provided for the self-priming slurry pump?

We stand behind the quality and reliability of our products, and each self-priming slurry pump is backed by a comprehensive warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. Warranty terms may vary depending on the specific pump model and application. Please refer to the warranty documentation for your pump for details, or contact our customer service team for assistance.

What is a self-priming pump?

A self-priming pump is a type of pump that has the ability to prime itself without external assistance automatically. It utilizes a mechanism to evacuate air from the suction line and create a vacuum, allowing it to draw fluid into the pump casing and begin pumping.

What is the working principle of a slurry pump?

The working principle of a slurry pump involves converting rotational energy from a motor into hydraulic energy to transport abrasive or viscous fluids, known as slurries. This is achieved by using an impeller that rotates within the pump casing, creating a centrifugal force that propels the slurry through the pump’s discharge outlet.

What are the advantages of a slurry pump?

Ability to Handle Abrasive Materials: Designed to withstand the erosive effects of abrasive slurries commonly found in industries such as mining, dredging, and construction.
Efficient Transfer: Utilizes centrifugal force to transport slurries over long distances and varying elevations efficiently.
Durable Construction: Constructed with robust materials and specialized coatings to resist wear and corrosion, ensuring long service life.
Versatility: Capable of handling a wide range of fluid viscosities and solids concentrations, making it suitable for diverse applications.

Is a self-priming pump good?

Yes, a self-priming pump offers several advantages, including eliminating the need for manual priming, reducing downtime, and improving operational efficiency. It is particularly beneficial in applications where priming water may not be readily available or practical.

What are priming pumps used for?

Priming pumps, including self-priming pumps, are used to remove air or gas from the suction line of a pump, creating a vacuum that allows the pump to draw fluid into the system. They are commonly used in situations where the pump is located above the fluid level or when the suction line contains air pockets that need to be evacuated.

Which is the best, self-priming or centrifugal pumps?

The choice between self-priming and centrifugal pumps depends on the specific application requirements. Self-priming pumps offer the advantage of automatic priming, making them suitable for situations where priming water is not readily available. On the other hand, centrifugal pumps are generally more efficient for high-flow, low-viscosity applications. The best pump for your needs will depend on factors such as fluid viscosity, solids content, suction conditions, and operational preferences.

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